(DOWNLOAD) "Vitamin D Intake from Food and Supplements Among Ontario Women Based on the US Block Food Frequency Questionnaire with and Without Modification for Canadian Food Values (Quantitative Research) (Report)" by Canadian Journal of Public Health # Book PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Vitamin D Intake from Food and Supplements Among Ontario Women Based on the US Block Food Frequency Questionnaire with and Without Modification for Canadian Food Values (Quantitative Research) (Report)
- Author : Canadian Journal of Public Health
- Release Date : January 01, 2010
- Genre: Law,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 315 KB
Description
Vitamin D is important for maintenance of healthy bones, and low vitamin D intake may be a risk factor for some cancers and other chronic diseases. (1-3) Vitamin D is synthesized by the skin following sunlight exposure and is present in foods and supplements. Since few foods contain high amounts of vitamin D, (4) many countries have their own food fortification policies to improve vitamin D levels. In Canada, fortification of fluid milk and margarine with vitamin D is mandatory. (5) Manufacturers are permitted to use fortified milk to make milk products (e.g., yoghurt) and to fortify milk beverage substitutes, and some other foods such as orange juice, but these items are not universally enriched. In the United States (US), where vitamin D fortification is optional, most milk and many breakfast cereals are fortified. (6) In Canada and the US, vitamin D intakes are evaluated against Adequate Intakes (AIs). The AIs for vitamin D are 5, 10 and 15 [micro]g/day for adults [less than or equal to] 50, 51-70 and [greater than or equal to] 71 years of age, respectively. (7) Measuring diet is important for nutritional epidemiology studies and surveillance and a commonly used tool is the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). American FFQs are frequently applied in such studies, without modifying nutrient databases for population-specific food values. Few studies (8) have investigated the impact of this practice on the measurement of vitamin intakes.
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